How to care , dust and clean paper art, sculptures, costumes and also papier mach sculptures, you will learn the best tools and ways to do it, how often , if you can use water on paper or not, 5 things you should never do to keep paper art in good shape (which have been done by some clients of mine in the past )throughout the years. Make sure not to cover to top part in order to take the balloon out. Paper Mache Teacup Pattern Mix one part water with one part all-purpose glue or wallpaper paste in a large bowl to create the paper mache paste. This will protect it and give it a lustrous finish. Dry air will create a brittle surface, whilst moisture will lead to foxing and mould. Roll a bit of Play-Doh into a ball, then roll the ball over the shade to remove grime and dirt. When finished cleaning, rub the shade with a used dryer sheet. Let the strips dry for six to eight hours. After each use wipe it with a dry cloth. I would make a batch of paper mache, out of acid free white glue and acid free paper, I would use this because it (the acids in newspaper) won't pass into the existing material . Paper mache is a very messy craft! Whether or not you remove the filler, the next step will be to remove any dry debris. Step 3 Tear sheets of newspaper into 1-inch-by-10-inch strips. The boat is 5 and 1/2 inches long and 6 and1/2 inches high - a very nice size for very nice mice or tiny rag dolls . Now use a toothbrush to apply carpet-cleaning foam and gently work the foam into the material. white glue, paper mache paste Materials and Supplies Everything you need for a paper mache project From the Kitchen Flour Water Cornstarch or liquid starch Old bowls and utensils Bamboo skewers, optional From the Toolbox Old scissors Utility knife Dremel or drill Duct tape and masking tape Glue gun (optional; I don't use one) From Around the House Cleaning Paper Mache Tutorial! With that said, skip down to the tutorial that best fits your type of toy. The flour mixture is better for piatas, as it breaks easier. Page 3 - Td Clean Papier-Mache. At Fine Art Restoration Company our team has worked on papier-mache pieces, including large sculptures. Christmas St. Nicholases & Santa Clauses, boots, angels etc. In the UK, Accreditation has recently come into being, this is a professional recognition of an individuals ability in specific areas, it means that the individual maintains a high ethical and moral standard and is always keeping their knowledge and skills up to date. Some creations can take several days to finish, so remind kids that they have to be patient! Instead of rinsing, use a damp cloth to remove dirt and soap. Put your first layer on horizontally, the second vertically, and so forth. Fill a container of lukewarm water and plain dish soap. First dilute the white glue. Or you may find that your figure has marks in various places for some reason or other. Amy Guerrero is an Arts and Crafts Specialist and the Owner of Sunshine Craft Co., a crafting studio based in Phoenix, Arizona. How do you clean paper mache figurines? Enjoy! By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube. Papier-mch (pap-yay mash-ay) or paper mch (paper mash-ay) is an easy to make, hard material that can be used to cover various surfaces. Put it a bowl and add the glue and dry wall compound. Oil Paints. Allow 24 hours to let the pulp dry on the figure. Paper Mache Lantern, Easter Egg Collectible Holiday & Seasonal Table 1990-1999 Time Period Manufactured Serving Pieces, Easter Collectibles, Easter Egg Collectible Holiday & Seasonal Table 1960-1969 Time Period Manufactured Serving Pieces, Western Collectible Vintage Knives, Egg Collectible Sculptures & Figurines, Thoroughly mix the following ingredients to make a thin paste: One part water. How long does it take for papier mache to dry? Size: 12 inches tall x 5.5 inches wide x 4 inches deep. "I read the Deadmau5 helmet post and wanted to do it. DIY Gold Leaf Paper Mache Bowls kellimurray 3. You can buy non-toxic Acrylic Paint from Amazon. Now dampen a soft cloth or soft-bristled brush in the soapy water and gently wipe or dab the figurines surface. Betsy Morgan has been writing and editing professionally since 1995. (basic paste recipe - ratio of 1/2 cup of flour, large spoonful of salt to 1 cup of warm water) Put the flour and salt into the bowl and gradually add luke warm water and mix with your hands . If you're looking for a stronger hold (like for cosplay) use the glue one. Lists of accredited conservators and restorers are held by the professional bodies, they are always the first place to start for information. Add extra tap water a little at a time to loosen. Paper mache is a versatile craft material that you can create from basic household supplies. One of the most challenging vintage items to clean is plush stuffed toys. However, it has been used throughout history as an adaptable and fully versatile medium, which can be used in anything from three dimensional artworks to pieces of fine furniture. If it's too thin or thick, adjust accordingly. A German firm has used original pre-1940 molds to reproduce paper mache candy containers and novelty figures. All Rights Reserved. If not, the balloon may drag the paper inward and create dents when it's popped. I have a wonderful, full body paper mache antique chicken. Our latest creations from the MAROLIN paper mache range include lampshades and vessels with a slate look. Two cups of flour and four cups of water is enough to begin with; more paste can be mixed later if needed. Removing Anti-Reflective Coating from Glasses? Aluminum pie pans Blown eggs Bottles or jars Cardboard ice cream containers Detergent boxes Egg cartons Frozen juice cans Juice boxes Oatmeal containers Paper cup Plastic margarine bowls Soda pop bottles Styrofoam meat trays Tinfoil Multiple Pieces If you have multiple pieces to your structure's base, you will need to secure them to each other. ", remember if I used the glue or flour medium. Ideally, papier mache should only be dusted and care taken to not rub off the paint. Step 1: Mixing the Mix. Once dusted, fill a container with lukewarm water and liquid dish soap. Mexican papier-mch means a party on Day of the Dead and beyond. The MAROLIN mass not only creates the perfectly shaped crib figures in the old style, but also numerous profane figures and representations, such as Easter bunnies, Santa Clauses, animals or traditional figures. Guide on How to Seal Paper Mache for Outdoor Use: 1. Ensure that the dishwashing liquid doesnt have moisturizer in it because this can leave behind an oily residue. Antique toys and dolls may feature papier-mache elements such as heads, hands and legs. Reproductions have handpainted details and some amount of hand finishing. For more insightful featuresinto interiors,antiques and lifestyle, please do join our mail listandyou will immediately receive 10% code for your first web order. With time fabric can deteriorate, the stuffing begins to smell strange, and our childhood friends get matted fur. If you're using a balloon, consider painting it with cooking oil beforehand -- that way, when it's dry, you can slide it out easily. In fact, if you want to add volume to your structure by molding the strips, you will need different sizes. If you are planning to do a Paper Mache Project with Kids then you might wanna use non-toxic paint. After wiping down the toy, blot it with a dry towel and set to air dry the rest of the way. But did you know that saying also applies to the health of our collectibles? After applying the boiled linseed oil, take a clean, dry cloth and wipe the oil off. Minimum purchase of 60.00 when you use code SHIPME43. Our team set about to expertly recreate the missing nose, using an old photograph of the tiger to make sure it was as accurate as possible. More items. Approximate Dimensions: 12"T x 5"W x 3.5"D NOTE: Vintage items, by nature, are likely to carry various marks or indications of their age. Let it run for 5 mins.+. Add the remaining ingredients. These often have a high shine due to being heavily lacquered. Mod Podge. Vaseline. If that doesnt work, onto step 2. (ph0to below shows balloon sticking to the bowl) TIP: If it sticks to the bowl . Yes, papier-mache can be restored by our conservators who are trained in this area. The tiger has lost a fight with an enthusiastic puppy, who had chewed away at the nose. In the Victorian period you may find furniture and decorative accessories, such as trays and boxes. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. The surface is easy to paint, allowing you to add patterns, bright colors, and interesting designs to your finished product. Time left 2h 58m left (Today 07:00 p.m.) Seller: 75stroppe (17,495) 100%. This may seem redundant, but dusting your action figure should always be the first step to cleaning. Made a dice cup and a dice tray, both of which you pay a lot for if bought online. Paper Mache figurines Photo Credit: Instructables. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Dip the paper strips in the paste, wipe off the excess . Once its thoroughly dry, reassemble the toy. If your favorite vintage plush is of high sentimental or monetary value, itd be in your best interest to find a professional. One way to do this is to use a vacuum hose attachment on the plush gently. Next, fill a container with lukewarm water and some plain dishwashing liquid soap. Wait for everything to dry first, then cut cardboard into some ear shapes, and tape it onto the "body." You can use newsprint to create basic forms for paper mache. It is best not to try to do anything to the cracks, this is particularly important, because we cannot always match up materials and introducing a new material to cover or fill the cracks could ultimately cause more damage, however if the cracks are also leading to flaking, then it is time to contact a conservator. I always like to look for "themes", as these often allow for child friendly activities. In Russia this was especially popular for household decorations, with the Tiffany catalogue from 1893 listing a large assortment of pieces to purchase. We've put together a tutorial on how to make paper mch that can be used for any project that you have in mind. Damage can occur to papier-mache artworks and furniture through environmental or accidental means. If a stain appears then you can use a hint of lemon in the water for the cloth. Now that the surface has been cleansed, the hard work begins. She has a Bachelor of Arts in history from Columbia University. If you have any papier-mache artworks or furniture which you are concerned about, our team is happy to advise and assist you in ensuring its preservation. Thank you for the pictures and instructions. After I have the solid ball, can I add things like ears and a tail and make a cat? Approved. She offers monthly in-person and online workshops along with having developed a range of DIY craft kits for at-home projects. And for masks you can use cardboard or other flat heavy duty paper such as card stock, poster board or chip board. It will help show you where you have been before and strengthen the piece. Tear the newspaper strips into 1- to 2-inch-wide strips in any length. Cover it with more paper mache, and wait for it to dry. If the toy has hollow pieces or stickers, you should not submerge it in the water. In October 2020 a papier-mache sculpture by artist Franz West sold for 312,500. Let the varnish or sealant dry for several hours. home decor. Wash in the washing machine with gentle detergent and hang or machine-dry. Transform basic shapes like cones and balls into stunning trees or . If youre confident in your ability, remove the filler before cleaning. Strain the mixture and wring out the water until you have 110 oz. Pests may also infest papier mache if the piece is unsealed and gaps allow for easy access. Do not apply the vacuum hose directly onto the object. Method 2- Pop the balloon. You can contact us via email [emailprotected] or by calling 0207 112 7576. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Using mixer beaters, blend together until creamy. What to Do With Your Jigsaw Puzzle When Finished? Add vinegar to soften the textile. Stains can be removed with solvent, water or bleach--all of which should be spot tested first to be sure they don't cause more harm. Then squeeze most of the water out of the paper and measure about 1 1/ . However, sometimes we need to give our collections some extra attention. //--> Paper mache and chicken wire. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Repeat the process 2 more times so you have 3 layers in total. LONDON How do you keep paper mache from molding? This process will glue all the fibres back to the surface. If a piece has met with water, has a dent, hole, tear, or widespread cracking, or an unusual smell which may be mould, get in touch with our team as soon as possible. An original Yayoi Kusama pumpkin sculpture from 1999 sold for 180,000 at a Japanese auction. ", was $25, so we looked on wikiHow and found this flour recipe. Answer gbk March 1, 2009 paper mache especially if antique was water and flour & you can tell if it was shellaced or not if the coat is shiny. Cover your wire frame thoroughly. Papier-mch ( UK: / ppie me /, US: / pepr me /; French: [papje me], literally "chewed paper") is a composite material consisting of paper pieces or pulp, sometimes reinforced with textiles, bound with an adhesive, such as glue, starch, or wallpaper paste . Combine flour/glue and water into the bowl and mix until desired consistency. If theres a heavy build-up of grime, you can use a kitchen scouring pad. white vinegar. Your email address will not be published. While the most common use of paper mache is for grade-school projects such as volcanoes and masks, many crafters use paper mache to make decorative items such as sculptures, vases and lawn ornaments. CUMBRIA CA6 4SD With conservation and restoration however, there definitely *is* a right and a wrong way to do it! We will discuss those options here: If you are like me, you have lots of newspaper saved. (Video) Paper Mache Clay Recipe - The Easy Original Recipe, (Video) Shared molds used by papier-mch dolls and china head dolls, (Video) Mold Removal, Book Cleaning attempt 1: Hydrogen Peroxide, Washcloth, (Video) Make Paper Mache Clay Smooth Without Sanding, (Video) Paper Mache Pumpkins- 1 - Introduction and Materials, (Video) HOW TO CARE FOR AND DUST PAPER AND PAPIER MACHE ART- Paper Secret 25 | Merveilles en Papier, (Video) Paper Mache Pumpkin | Easy Fall DIY Home Decor. Looking to make your own paper mch craft? In 2019 several botanical sculptures by the Brendels came to auction, surpassing their asking prices and selling for upwards of 10,000 per set. Here, you may need to mix. Cut two pieces of cheesecloth, approximately twice as large as your paper mache piece. Mix one part flour with two parts water in a plastic tub and stir thoroughly. Apply a second coat and let it dry. Step 2 Next, you need to make your glue paste. dishwashing or laundry detergent. Cleaning Figures. A soft cloth must be used to avoid any abrasions to the lacquer or varnish layer as this is very sensitive to scratches. 6 PAPER MACHE GIFT BOXES & LIDS HEART ROUND SQUARE KIDS ART CRAFT PERSONALISE, Genuine OEM Briggs & Stratton PLUG-DIPSTICK/FILL Part# 799941, 8-20 LED Solar Under Ground Lights 1/4pack Disk Outdoor Garden Path Lawn Lights. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. 13. Gather your materials and prepare your crafting area. Dampen a soft cloth and use that to wipe down the surface of the toy. How do you clean old papier-mch? 10 Piece Vintage Fabric & Wood Nativity Figures Embellished, 10", Made in Japan $254.95 $12.93 shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED Japanese Putz House's And Trees- Lot of 11 Houses- Small Sized $160.00 Free shipping or Best Offer SPONSORED 28 PC Vtg GERMANY Wood CRECHE NATIVITY Paper Mache FIGURES Animals Putz WELL + $285.75 $68.97 shipping SPONSORED Linseed oil will make it shine and help prevent future rusting. If the poster is in good condition you can gently clean the surface yourself with a document cleaning pad these will leave residual dust that needs to be brushed away with a soft dusting brush. This article was co-authored by Amy Guerrero. Flour and salt, PVA glue or wallpaper paste. Youll need to be extra gentle when working in these areas. She has written for publications like "Wired" magazine, "Paper" magazine and Vault.com. Reviews: 93% of readers found this page helpful, Address: 443 Barrows Terrace, New Jodyberg, CO 57462-5329, Hobby: Backpacking, Jogging, Magic, Driving, Macrame, Embroidery, Foraging. Its best to dab the porcelain with a dry cloth and then set it on a dry towel to air dry the rest of the way. This is definitely more labour intensive, but you can sculpt some amazing shapes and large structures this way. Once the toy has been completely dried, its recommended to apply a fresh layer of wax or. https://www.tommyspuppetlab.com/Follow us on Instagram! If there is some stubborn grime, its ok to rub with a little more pressure, but keep in mind that a heavy hand can damage your item. What is the value of papier-mache? The figures, which can be . Slowly and carefully work your way around the bowl, pressing and releasing the paper. Confirm you're a human. This includes the use of specialist solvents which are tailored to the needs of the piece, re-varnishing scratched and broken lacquer, retouching lost areas of paint and gilding, pest control, remoulding lost elements, and reapplying broken features with safe adhesives which will not adversely affect the materials. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Why? Without advertising income, we can't keep making this site awesome for you. Before you begin painting your action figure, youll need to clean the surface with soap and water thoroughly. Do we have to put salt in the flour paste? and a mixing bowl. If your hero can be disassembled, please do so now. There are two main methods for preparing paper mache. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. So dilute the glue 1 or 2 parts glue to 1 part water. Last Updated: February 27, 2023 Oil painting conservation and restoration, Stained and discoloured painting restoration, Modern and contemporary painting restoration, Fire and smoke damaged painting restoration, Water and moisture damaged painting restoration, Loose and rippled canvas painting restoration, Technical analysis and condition reporting, Old repairs and failing painting restoration, Foxing and mould damaged paper restoration, Rippled, creased and distorted paper restoration, Modern and contemporary paper restoration, Banksy print preservation and restoration, Document and certificate paper restoration, Ceramics and decorative object restoration, Porcelain and fine bone china restoration, Wooden sculpture and ornament restoration, Conservation framing and acidic mount removal, Framing services for large and unusual artworks, UV protective framing and specialist glazing, Memorabilia and specialist item restoration, War and historic event memorabilia restoration, Fraying, tear and hole damaged rug restoration, Conservation services for historic buildings, Relief and sculpted decoration restoration, Sculpture and art installation restoration, Alabaster effigies: the restoration and care of gypsum sculptures, Is it Ming? Amy holds a BS in Industrial Design from Philadelphia University. Theyre fairly durable and easy to maintain. Spraying bleach (e.g. Constant fluctuations can result in significant damage to a work, as papier mch objects are made up of a variety of materials this is all the more important, because each material will have its own humidity and temperature level it will expand and contract at, leading to separation of layers, cracking, flaking and ultimately structural damage. Do you need Vaseline for paper mache? If any marks cant be removed with plain soap and water, a magic eraser is a great tool. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 2,864,634 times. How to Sell Used Computer Parts: A Sellers Guide. The arms need to be added during the next step, so, leave that area free of clay. It can be dated back to the Han Dynasty in China around 200 AD and was used for not only decorative purposes but to also craft helmets. Ideally, papier mache should only be dusted and care taken to not rub off the paint. Burra Record (SA : 1878 - 1954), Wed 21 Dec 1927, Across the rest of the Asian continent it can also be found on shields and armour. Thanks in advance. You want a smooth, batter-like paste with no lumps. ", I especially liked the videos because I could see a clear example of how it's done. Dont use hot water, abrasive cleaners, or scouring pads. This will protect it and give it a lustrous finish. As long as the piece is properly prepared, has a sealed surface, and is kept away from high levels of humidity or liquids, it should be durable and the rot can be avoided. The glue mixture may be hard to clean off your work surface once it is set. If soiling is heavy, brush debris into a HEPA vacuum with cheesecloth over the nozzle to catch any bits of paper that may come loose accidentally. This can be accomplished with the help of a soft paintbrush or a can of compressed air. After this, the Papier Mch Bunny should be able to stand on his own. Paper mache is a versatile craft material that you can create from basic household supplies. For plastics with mild fading, its best to try conditioning the plastic with oils before moving on to more aggressive methods. Prepare by covering your work surface. one cup of water to one cup of flour. How do you get mold out of paper mache? Then, take a clean, dry cloth and wipe away all the oily residue from the surface. An extremely light antique chair, table, or bed frame, can usually be determined to be a papier-mache creation. Paper clay (aka paper mache clay) is a mixture of paper pulp with a few simple ingredients like flour or school glue. If you want to take the DIY approach, here are some steps to follow since throwing your plush in the washer and dryer isnt an option. If there are stubborn marks, such as crayon or pen on the plastic, you can dampen a cotton ball or q-tip with paint thinner and wipe it until it disappears. Quite easy!Join my Puppet Master Academy with Tommy as your art teacher! This may take some patience, but youll need to allow the paint to dry between each application. Paper Mache Patchwork Turtle aboutfamilycrafts 6. If theres a lot of grime, its permissible to let it soak for a few minutes. No visible damage. Paper mache, papier mch, carton moul, carton pte or holz-masse are all terms describing a type of composition material made from paper sheets or paper pulp mixed with paste, oil, resin or other material to form a strong material. When papier-mache is created it must be allowed to dry fully before paint and varnish layers are applied. Now apply the paint to the area you want to fix. Its also the easiest to clean. To make papier mch, first add 2 cups (240 grams) of flour and 1 cup (240 milliliters) of water to a large bowl. Even today, wooden toys are a classic choice for small children. Itll take some extra effort to get rid of stubborn. Here are some basic rules that will keep your figurines and toys looking fresh: A few things to keep in mind before you start washing your porcelain figurines are never to use abrasive or corrosive cleaners (No bleach or ammonia) and never use your dishwasher. Lot of 2 x 200gr Skeins Ice Yarns SAVER Hand Knitting Yarn Light Cream. Click on current line of text for options. 3. Paper tears and holes can be fixed using archival paper tape or a Japanese paper patch pasted on with wheat starch. Some schools of thought say to start with a white primer. If you removed the filler, its time to stuff your friend with new fluff and sew him up. This vintage figurine from The Village People - Wire Clay Paper Mache Mexican Folk Art Figurines. If you're using a light color on the piece, you may want to use this method (otherwise some print may stick out). Plastic is the material that remains the most commonly used when manufacturing toys. The paints are non-toxic, making them safe for all ages! As a small thank you, wed like to offer you a $30 gift card (valid at GoNift.com). 2. This is a super fun way to sculpt if you have more time! 2023 Muskegvalleyrabbitry. If you're making a piata using a balloon, make sure you use enough layers (at least 3 or more) or replace the newspaper with thicker paper (like normal white paper) and be sure to let it dry completely before removing the balloon. Some Acrylic Paints have some additives in them, that makes the color dry . A papier-mache panel by Dutch artist Jan Schoonhoven sold for over 260,000 in 2012. Squeeze the pulp around the arms and legs. {document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,97,32,104,114,101,102,61,34,109,97,105,108,116,111,58,119,101,98,64,112,97,112,105,101,114,109,97,99,104,101,46,99,111,46,117,107,34,32,62,67,111,110,116,97,99,116,32,117,115,60,47,97,62))} Papier-mache is often moulded around an object to keep its shape as it dries. This would have been caused by one of two reasons; firstly, the balloon may not have been knotted tightly enough. Never use water to clean your trays, especially black or red trays. Begin cleaning by gently brushing the surface of an object with a soft brush to remove loose dirt and dust. Areas of strong sunlight should also be avoided to avoid UV ray discolouration and temperature fluctuations. Its recommended that you thin the paint with a drop or two of water. This will make the figure stronger and waterproof. The ingredients may have variations, but the key materials are strips of paper or pulp, mixed with an adhesive such as glue, wallpaper paste, or starch. Well known pieces include the hand crafted sculptures of La Calavera Catrina which are produced for Day of the Dead. When papier-mache is mentioned as an art material, memories may spring to mind of childhood crafts and messy hands. Check the surface of your papier-mache carefully for any areas of concern, as the sooner an issue is noticed, the lower the costs and intervention will be from our conservators. Now lets get into how to clean your porcelain figurines like a pro. Italian Christmas decorations are far more low-key than in other parts of the world. I put the toilet paper in a blender with enough water to spin the mixture. Waves and buckles can be ironed out or removed by sticking the drawing paper to an acid-free, self-adhesive board. This can take a few hours. So tear away freely. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Want to learn how to get rid of that thrift store smell from your thrift finds? The light yet durable nature of the material made it an easy option when hanging artworks, especially if they are very large. How is poverty presented in A Christmas Carol stave 3? There are several adhesives (rather then glues) which can be used, but the trick part is to know how these will act with the make up of the object (the pigments, the paper layers and any finishes), here it is useful to at least speak to a conservator, and if you dont want to pay a consultation fee, many museums have a paper conservator or access to one who are usually more then happy to take a look. Keep in mind: Wooden toys shouldnt be soaked in water as this can break down and warp the wood as its a porous material. It will take more than 40 minutes to dry. Our friends made a " Shaun the Sheep Sculpture " in this way! Then rinse. Since you've made it this far, we want to assume you're a real, live human. The petroleum jelly will act as a mold release agent, keeping your paper mache from sticking. To prevent future mould growth and pests, some artists may have included preservatives. Let it dry, then remove the bowl and add more paper mache or glue in needed. This article has been viewed 2,864,634 times. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Create-Papier-M%C3%A2ch%C3%A9-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Create-Papier-M%C3%A2ch%C3%A9-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Create-Papier-M%C3%A2ch%C3%A9-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/aid7018-v4-728px-Create-Papier-M%C3%A2ch%C3%A9-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":259,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":410,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved.