medicinal plants of liliaceae family

Web2016, Vol. It is also close to Juncaceae as in both the seeds have albumen but differs from Juncaceae in petaloid perianth. A,B. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APweb)[2] recognizes three subfamilies, one of which is divided into two tribes.[11]. By 1562 the tulip trade had reached Europe with the first shipment to Antwerp,[90] where they were mistaken for vegetables,[91] although they had been cultivated in Portugal since 1530, and first appeared in illustration in 1559, and the first tulip flowers were seen in the Netherlands in 1625. plantlets for propagation and bulb formation", "Multiplication of Tulip Bulb by Tissue Culture in vitro", "Mode of action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants", "Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art. Fig: Family Liliaceae Habit The plants in the Liliaceae family are perennial herbs. It is commonly called Lily family. Endospermic; endosperm horny or cartilagenous. Many Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for their attractive flowers and involved in a major floriculture of cut flowers and dry bulbs. Some species are poisonous if eaten and can have adverse health effects in humans and household pets. A number of Liliaceae genera are popular cultivated plants in private and public spaces. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Liliaceae", "The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval", "Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae", "Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae", "Camas (Camassia spp.) The virus can be transmitted nonpersistently by aphids. 3. 15.1). Tricarpellary, syncarpous, tilocular, axile placentation, 2 ovules per loculus, ovary superior, style slender, filiform, stigma trilobed, yellow. Echinacea can be taken a number of times a day, as recommended by an herbalist. Lily family (after Lilium, a name used in Virgil's writings). The family has close affinity with Amaryllidaceae from which it can be distinguished by the presence of superior ovary, and absence of corona. Figure 15.1. C. Tulipa sp., tulip. The seeds are flat and discoid or ellipsoid, the endosperm with aleurone and fatty oils, but no starch. 6, in two words of three each, polyphyllous (Lilium, Tulipa) or gamophyllous (Aloe, Asparagus) and of various shapes; petaloid or sepaloid; imbricate in bud, usually valvate aestivation, perianth may be scarious or membranous. The roots are typically contractile. The white lily has long been seen as a symbol of purity, coming to be associated with the Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages, from which came the name Madonna lily (Lilium candidum). Habitat They are monocotyledonous plants. From: Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 2013, J.D.D. The family was first described in the eighteenth century, and over time many other genera were added until it became one of the largest of the monocotyledon families, and also extremely diverse. F. Whole plant, with whorled leaves. As with the Asparagales, family delimitations of the Liliales have undergone a number of changes in recent years. Placentation is axile. Both the petals and sepals are usually similar and appear as two concentric groups (whorls) of 'petals', that are often striped or multi-coloured, and produce nectar at their bases. A. Lilium pardalinum ssp. HOPS Press, LLC | Dirt Cheap Builder Books When symptoms appear, the plants show faint chlorotic spots and sometimes necrotic lesions. One of the better-known novels on tulips is The Black Tulip by Alexandre Dumas, pre in 1850, dealing with a contest to grow a black tulip in late seventeenth-century Haarlem. Foliar vein clearing or intercostal light green stripes may develop as well. Montana. It can be found wherever lilies are grown. A climber with stipular tendrils and reticulate venation. [76] These are also toxic to a variety of animals. When young plants are infected, severe yellowing of leaves or browning of veins in stems may occur. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 2. A number of Liliaceae genera are popular cultivated plants in private and public spaces. A major pest of Tulips is the fungus, Botrytis tulipae. Taxonomically, Liliaceae are assigned to the order Liliiflorae of the monocotyledonous plants. Montana. [33] Despite establishing this relative degree of monophyly (genetic homogeneity) for the family Liliaceae,[34][35] their morphology remains diverse[7] and there exists within the Liliaceae clade or grouping, a number of subclades (subgroups). However, the absence of studies on their chloroplast genomes and chromatography has considerably hindered the study of their evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships. Can cockroaches be fused together with their Brain Juice? Explain with suitable example. Share Your Word File This breaking effect was of economic importance during the tulip mania of the seventeenth century, because it appeared to be producing new varieties. Raphide crystals and chelidonic acid are lacking. Indian Cucumber. Smilax, Aloe, Gloriosa, Veratrum, Colchicum, Scilla and Urginea yield useful drugs. WebAllium sativum, commonly known as garlic is the species of flowering plant belonging to family Liliaceae. Luzuriaga. It is distributed worldwide. The Liliaceae are characterised as monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, bulbous (or rhizomatous in the case of Medeoleae)[7] flowering plants with simple trichomes (root hairs) and contractile roots. Also fungi, viruses and vertebrate animals such as mice and deer. Aloe vera is a succulent plant belonging to family Liliaceae. Liliaceae thus arose during the late (Maastrichtian) Cretaceous to early (Paleocene) Paleogene periods. The Medeoleae (Clintonia and Medeola) may have appeared in North America but were subsequently dispersed, as may have the Streptopoideae and Calochortoideae. He has included Allium, Agapanthus in the family Amaryllidaceae of his order Amaryllidales; Yucca, Dracaena, Sanseuiera, Phormium in the family Agavaceae of his order Agavales; Xanthorrhoea in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae of his order Agavales. The disease may suddenly appear when the plants are planted out during frost or when planted early at high temperatures after storage on a standing ground. [88] Whatever its exact derivation, it has come to be associated with France and the French monarchy since the earliest Frankish kings. The lily appears in ancient literature associated with both sovereignty and virginal innocence, and is mentioned on a number of occasions in the Bible, such as the description in Solomon's Song of Songs (2, 12) "I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys. WebYpsilandra thibetica belongs to the family Liliaceae. Glacier National Park. In Pakistan, garlic extract is traditionally taken orally to settle the stomach, treat coughs, and reduce fever (http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic). Climber with tips of leaves turned into tendrils. Ashwagandha and Atropa belladonna are medicinal plants of Solanaceae which is a dicot family. Publication records from pubmed database related to the password A. sativum. K. Calochortus venustus. FIGURE 7.30. In Smilax stipulate and stipules are modified into tendrils. 0 0 Similar questions The female gameto-phyte is of the monosporic, Polygonum type or the tetrasporic, Fritillaria type. Aloe vera yields Aloin. Fritillaria atropurpurea. Lilium lancifolium. The roots of Asparagus (H. Satavaer) yields a tonic. A thorny climbing under-shrub with cladodes and fasiculated roots. Research is now being done to examine these glycosides more carefully. Quite a few members of the Liliaceae have been used for food but one must be aware of potential DEADLY LOOK ALIKES The following table shows information from the incredible resource Encyclopedia of Edible Plants of North America by Francois Couplan (1998). The family, on account of marked variabilities in cytological, embryological and anatomical structures, appears to be polyphyletic in origin. Liliaceae is regarded as a typical monocot family and represents the basic monocot stock from which many families have arisen. The Netherland produces about 2,200 million lily bulbs annually, of which 96% is used domestically and the remainder exported, principally within the European Union. Broken down in cooking and food preparation in the gut to produce isothiocyanates and other products. 2. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Sepals and petals usually identical. GI. Which part of the male reproductive system store the sperm? [64] Calochortus (mariposa lily) may be sold as a mixture or as cultivars.[65]. Liliaceae comprises 50 genera and approximately 600 species of flowering plants with many of them been used as spices and vegetables. The stamens are usually in two groups of three (trimerous) and the pollen has a single groove (monosulcate). Wildflowers & Weeds | Jefferson River Canoe TrailRoadmap To Reality | What's New? E. Colchicaceae, Burchardia umbel-lata. Thomas J. Elpel's Web World Pages [4] Fences as high as 8 feet may be required to prevent them from consuming the plants, an impractical solution for most wild areas. Bracteate, pedicellate, complete, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite, hypogynous, trimerous. The leaves are linear in shape, with their veins usually arranged parallel to the edges, single and arranged alternating on the stem, or in a rosette at the base. These toxins include scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. TOS4. A berry (Asparagus, Smilax), capsule (Asphodelus). In this article we will discuss about:- 1. [26][27][82] The bulbs of Fritillaria roylei have been used as antipyretics and expectorants. Consequently, it became incorporated into not only French heraldry but also into many heraldic devices in jurisdictions where there had been historic French influence, such as Quebec and New Orleans. Lilies have 3 sepals and 3 petals, which are identical in size and color (often referred to as 6 tepals). WebThe Lily Family, Liliaceae, consists of fifteen genera and about 705 known species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. Liliaceae are subject to a wide variety of diseases and pests, including insects, such as thrips, aphids, beetles and flies. Webmedicinal plants as a single dose or in combination with others. Fritillaria are also often used as floral emblems, for instance as the county flower of Oxfordshire, UK. Allyl sulfide compounds are absent. This chapter introduces 69 species of medicinal plants in 1 family, mainly including Aletris laxiflora, Aletris pauciflora var. All the extracts have resulted in significant (p<0.05) reduction in the number of implants when compared with their respective controls. H. Trillium erectum. [2] They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. The infection causes loss of vigor and poor flower production. Yakubu Musa Toyin, Akanji Musbau Adewunmi, in Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, 2014. Radical, simple, cylindrical, green, pointed, smooth, apex acute, exstiuplate, sessile, sheathing leaf-base, parallel venation. The stamens are 3+3, whorled, diplostemonous, distinct and free. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Many species of Lilieae (in genera Tulipa, Fritillaria, Lilium, and Erythronium) and Calochortoideae (Calochortus and Tricyrtis) are grown as ornamental plants worldwide. LILIALES. A. cepa L. (Liliaceae), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable and is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium, and probably originates from Central Asia (Messiaen and Rouamba,2004). As with the Asparagales, family delimitations of the Liliales have undergone a number of changes in recent years. Jervine has been identified in species of Zigadenus giving this species teratogenic potential (Burrows and Tyrl, 2001). Herreria. They are generally used in outdoor gardens and other displays, although in common with many bulbous flowering plants they are often induced to bloom indoors, particularly during the winter months. The Liliaceae are widely distributed, but mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In India it is represented by 169 species. The Romans knew Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. [95] Calochortus nuttallii, the sego lily, is the official state flower of Utah. In Nepal, East Asia, and the Middle East, A. sativum is used to treat several ailments including fevers, diabetes, rheumatism, intestinal worms, colic, flatulence, dysentery, liver disorders, tuberculosis, facial paralysis, high blood pressure, and bronchitis (http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic). Sego Lily. Radical, cylindrical, long, exstipulate, sessile, fleshy, sheathing leaf-base, hollow, multicostate parallel venation. khasiana, Aletris spicata, Aloe vera var. Plants in the Liliaceae family (lily) are known or suspected to be teratogenic (Burrows and Tyrl, 2001). [31][32] In the context of a general review of the classification of angiosperms, the Liliaceae were subjected to more intense scrutiny. Modern taxonomic systems, such as the APG which is based on phylogenetic principles using molecular biology, have redistributed many of these genera resulting in the relatively small family that is currently recognised. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Antimicrobial Activities of African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables, Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants, ). Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. [20] The seeds are dispersed by wind and water. Alline, 3a-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b] indole (69), was isolated from Allium odorum [181]. In Africa, garlic is used as an antibiotic, and it has a reputation for lowering bloodpressure and cholesterol, and inhibiting thrombus formation (http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29). I. Fritillaria biflora, chocolate lily, flower. Species of Veratrum contain the alkaloids jervine, cyclopamine (11-deoxojervine) and cycloposine (3-glucosyl-11-deoxojervine), and these compounds are known to be teratogenic (Keeler, 1984). Draw a neatly labeled diagram of chloroplast found in leaf, and its role in photosynthesis? LAMIACEAE Also known as Labiatae Opposite leaves, square stems and frequently have essential oils that are fragrant Used for ornamentation, flavor and medicinal use Over 200 genera and 3200 species. Spiritual uses have been assigned to garlic; in fact, it was reported that garlic could be worn, hung in windows, or rubbed on chimneys and keyholes to ward off vampires. The Aloe vera leaves are formed by [20] Lilium bulbs, particularly Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii)[69] are used as food in China and other parts of Asia. is a Liliaceae plant which is used to make pesticides. [86] Its three parts have been associated with the three classes of mediaeval society,[87] or alternatively faith, wisdom and chivalry. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant of Liliaceae which is a monocot family. By the sixteenth century it was a national symbol, hence the designation "Tulip era", by which time they were becoming of economic importance.[58]. The stems are usually bulbous, rhizom-atous in some. WebA suitable plant regeneration protocol has been developed from scale leaf and bulb scale explants of Scillahyacinthine, a medicinally important plant species belonging to the family liliaceae.The maximum number of shoots (13.2), with average length 6.5 cm, was achieved with medium containing 1.5 mg/l TDZ. Disporum smithii. Economic importance includes several taxa of value as ornamental cultivars, including lilies, Lilium, and tulips, Tulipa. Bulb or short rhizome, cymose umbel, e.g. Venation is usually parallel but reticulate in Smilax and Trillium. Queen's Cup. Of the cut flowers, 57% are used for the domestic market in the Netherlands and the remainder exported. A. odorum, A. splendens) but not in A. sibiricum, A. bidentatum and A. leucocephalum out often species [183]. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. AD. Consequently, many sources and descriptions labelled "Liliaceae" deal with the broader sense of the family. Tulips are propagated via bulbs, which develop at the base of the bulb of the previous year. Bulbs from A. cepa are thought to have been used as a popular vegetable everywhere for millennia. The perianth is biseriate and 3+3, homochlamydeous or dichlamydeous, apotepalous, perianth parts sometimes spotted or striate. Flowers are zygomorphic in some genera (Lilium, Hemerocallis). They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Lyall's Mariposa or Sego Lily. Three viruses are common in lilies, these are lily mottle virus (LMoV), lily virus X (LVX), and lily symptomless virus (LVS). It gives Colchicine. Give an example. Being the simplest member identified of the 3a-hydroxycyclotryptamines, representing the N-1 methylated skeleton, the structure is of considerable interest not at least for reference purposes. Photo contributed by Christy Fitzsimmons. Flowers hermaphrodite and actinomorphic. The leaves are generally simple and elongated with veins parallel to the edges, arranged singly and alternating on the stem, but may form a rosette at the base of the stem. A. porrum is largely used as soup ingredient and vegetable throughout Africa, and is known to possess anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stings, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator, antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, insecticidal, fungicidal properties (Akroum etal.,2009; Auger etal.,2002). Other members of the family used for food include Clintonia (leaves), Medeola (roots), Erythronium (corms), and Fritillaria (bulbs).[84]. It is a perennial climbing or erect shrub that can grow between 700 and 3800m above sea level. Tulip virus X (TVX) has been reported in tulips from Great Britain and from Japan. Both Lilium and Tulipa are susceptible to a group of five viruses of the family Potyviridae, specifically the potyvirus (named for potato virus Y) group, which includes the tulip-breaking virus (TBV) and the lily streak virus (lily mottle virus, LMoV) resulting in 'breaking' of the color of the flowers. Looking for life-changing resources? [61], The largest area of production is also the Netherland, with 76% of the global cultivated area, followed by France, Chile, Japan, the United States, New Zealand and Australia. In modern times it appears in many forms, symbolic and decorative, and can be used on compasses to indicate the direction north, as well as the Scouting movement. Tamokou, V. Kuete, in Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, 2017. The proliferation of deer populations in many areas, due to human factors such as the elimination of their animal predators and introduction to alien environments, is placing considerable herbivory pressure on many of the family's species. Figure 59. To distinguish between them, the Latin terms sensu lato and sensu stricto are frequently used (together with their abbreviations, s.l. Elaine M Aldred BSc (Hons), DC, Lic Ac, Dip Herb Med, Dip CHM, Kenneth Vall, in Pharmacology, 2009. Short rhizome with arrow or lanceolate radical leaves e.g. [51][52] In modern times tulip breeders have produced varieties that mimic the effect of the virus, without being infected. (2006), Hayashi and Kawano (2000), Patterson and Givnish (2002), and Tamura (1998a,b), Naturally Occurring Cyclotryptophans and Cyclotryptamines, Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables and Their Potential in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome, http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29, http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic, Toxicity and Beneficial Effects of Some African Plants on the Reproductive System, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants. WebThere are many medicinal plants. Aloe vera, a member of the Liliaceae family, is a perennial plant with turgid green leaves joined at the stem in a rosette pattern. 1997 - 2021 Thomas J. Elpel. By 1845, John Lindley, the first English systematist, unhappily acknowledged the great diversity in the circumscription of the family, and that it had expanded vastly, with many subdivisions. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [58] Tulip production has two main markets: cut flowers and bulbs. G. superba (Liliaceae) is a semiwoody herbaceous climber native to tropical Africa [167]. Yucca, Dracaena. [26][27] Tulips can cause skin irritation due to the presence of tuliposides and tulipalins,[78][79][80] which are also found in the flowers, leaves and stems of Fritillaria. author (s) Dr. Md Khorshed Alam, Dr. Md Obydul Hoq and Dr. Md Shahab Uddin. (2000) and Fay et al. That means the seed possesses only a single cotyledon. Herbs rarely shrubs, stem underground rhizome, corm or bulb; leaves alternate, flowers actinomorphic, trimerous, hypogynous, perianth 6 in two whorls of 3 each, free or fused; stamen 3+3, epiphyllous, antiphyllous; gynoecium tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, axile placentation, two to many ovules per loculus; fruit capsule or berry; seed endospermic. The Liliaceae in the past has been treated as a large assemblage (Liliaceae sensu lato), which has more recently been broken up into numerous segregate families. JUNE: Lilies", "How A Turkish Blossom Enflamed the Dutch Landscape". 107.1): Compressed, herbaceous, without nodes and internodes, smooth, greenish brown, aerial, peduncles are erect and fistular. (2006) for phy-logenetic analyses of the order. Common The family Liliaceae consists of fifteen genera and approximately 600 species in all. List of genera of family Liliaceae, arranged by Subfamilies and Tribes according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website and Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [1] Medeoleae Benth. (synonyms: Medeolaceae Takht., Medeoloideae Benth.) Since alline has never been synthesized, reisolation and study of the structure, reactions and activity is warranted. TVX is a member of the genus Potexvirus. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): Brassica spp. WebThe List of Liliaceae genera has been much reduced by modern molecular phylogenetic based taxonomy.The current taxonomy of Liliaceae treats the family Liliaceae as having Later the same compound was obtained from A. senescens and A. anisopodium [182] and detected by TLC in seven (A. victorialis, A. altaicum, A. anisopodium, A. senescens, A. stelleranum, A. ramosum syn. They contain both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) characteristics and are symmetric radially, but sometimes as a mirror image. Plants may become stunted and flowers sometimes deformed. Essential oil from onion contains a heart stimulant, increasing pulse volume and frequency of systolic pressure and coronary flow. The most newly defined families and subfamilies presumeably follow genetic lines and should be reasonably stable in the future. The style is solitary; stigmas are 3, tri-lobed or with 3 crests. We concentrate on virus diseases of the genera Tulipa and Lilium, as they represent large genera with economically very important ornamentals. FIGURE 7.29. Allium, Agapanthus. These vary from the large Fritillaria imperialis (crown imperial) available in a number of colours such as yellow or orange, to much smaller species such as Fritillaria meleagris or Fritillaria uva-vulpis with their chequered patterns. (1st ed. LMoV is a potyvirus and was formerly thought to be a strain of TBV, but serological, host range, and molecular investigations have set it apart from TBV as an own species. A. sativum has been and continues to be subject of particular research interests for scientists of various fields with more than 5000 scientific publications recorded in Pubmed, related to the keyword A. sativum (Fig. C,D. The Liliaceae probably arose as shade plants, with subsequent evolution to open areas including deciduous forest in the more open autumnal period, but then a return of some species (e.g. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Smilax. By Martin Bucher. Calochortus weedii. A. sativum was domesticated long ago and is mentioned in ancient Egyptian, Greek, Indian, and Chinese writings. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Stunting and distortion of the shoot and leaves are the most severe symptoms but streaking or angular or elliptical spots are more typical symptoms. The colorful flowers produce large amounts of nectar and pollen that attract insects which pollinate them (entomophily), particularly bees and wasps (hymenopterophily), butterflies (psychophily) and moths (phalaenophily). The inflorescence is a terminal raceme, of a solitary flower, or rarely an umbel. A. sativum (Liliaceae), known as garlic is a strongly aromatic bulb crop believed to originate from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. Considerable progress in plant phylogeny and phylogenetic theory enabled a phylogenetic tree to be constructed for all of the flowering plants, as elaborated by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998).[6]. The Rosaceae family Allicin was found to possess insulin potentiating effects (Mathew and Augusti,1973). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. J. Engelmann, J. Hamacher, in Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition), 2008. Gloriosa, Colchicum. Their distribution is diverse, mainly in plains, steppes, and alpine meadows, but also in deciduous forests, Mediterranean scrub and arctic tundra. 7. Michael G. Simpson, in Plant Systematics (Second Edition), 2010. [36] The other major grouping consists of the five genera constituting the Streptopoideae (including Scoliopus) and Calochortoideae (including Tricyrtis) subfamilies characterised by creeping rhizomes, styles which are divided at their apices, and by megagametophyte development of the Polygonum-type (a simple megaspore and triploid endosperm) embryo-sac. The flowers are bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, pedicellate, bracteate or not, hypogynous. Lilium. Deformities of the limbs can occur in lambs if the ewes are exposed on gestation days 28 to 32. Corm is very useful. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or Fibrous adventitious, sometimes tuberous (Asparagus). Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Symptoms of the disease include chlorotic flecks, oval lesions and streaks, appearing early in the season. Feeding V. californicum after gestation day 15 can cause abnormal brain development in sheep (James, 1974). Intensive streaking of lily flower caused by co-infection of LMoV and LSV. A well-known example is Leonardo da Vinci's Annunciation (14721475) in which the archangel Gabriel bears a Madonna lily. In fact, ajoene attenuated the high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, occasionally an end-result of prolonged MetS (Han etal.,2011; Panickar,2013). However, most of the West African countries as well as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia are also producers (http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29). Botanical name Family Common name Plant part used Medicinal value Liliaceae Satavari Root High fever, antioxidant, sexual weakness Garlic constituents with beneficial effects in reducing risk factors associated with MetS have been identified. The name "Liliaceae" (English: /lliesi, -sia, -sie, -sii/) comes to international scientific vocabulary from New Latin, from Lilium, the type genus, + -aceae,[47] a standardized suffix for plant family names in modern taxonomy. The relative stereochemistry is revealed from the X-ray structure as cis-annelation of the pyrrolidine rings.